31-32svetajane

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Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded to American Genetics

American geneticist Andrew Fire and Craig Mellow announced the winners of the Nobel Prize for 2006 in the field of medicine. His awards are awarded for the discovery of fundamental mechanisms of transmission of genetic information and develop ways to block the activity of certain genes - that, of course, opens up new ways to treat a wide range of diseases.

Actually, the method is RNA interference is already widely used in science as a method for studying gene functions. Now consider and options for its uses in medicine to fight diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis - as well as cancer and heart disease.

The work, which describes the above method, was published in 1998. Both researchers still quite young - he is not even 50 years.

RNA interference, in principle, a natural process that occurs in humans, animals and plants.

In the course of their work, the genes regulating the production of cell proteins with molecular messenger RNA. In the case of RNAi certain molecules trigger the destruction of the RNA produced by certain genes by blocking the production of the corresponding protein and thereby "silencing" them.

Nobel laureates in 2006 opened a fundamental mechanism that controls the genetic information - and to block certain genes.

The first practical test driven RNA interference has already been shown to be promising.

Finally it is worth noting that the Nobel Laureates receive 1.4 million dollars.

Andrew Zachary Fire

Andrew Zachary Fire - an American scientist, a molecular geneticist. Professor at Stanford University.

In 2006 received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Craig Mello of the "discovery of RNA interference - the effect of quenching the activity of certain genes.

Born April 27, 1959 in Palo Alto (Calif.). Educated at the University of California at Berkeley (1978) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1983). From 1986 to 2003 he worked in the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution (Baltimore, Md.). Since 1989, professor at Johns Hopkins University. C 2003 a professor of pathology and genetics at the medical school at Stanford University.

Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (since 2004) and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Awards

Meyenburg Prize - 2002

Wiley Prize in the Biomedical Sciences from Rockefeller University - 2003

International Award Gayrdner - 2005

Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize - 2006

Nobel Prize - 2006

Proceedings

Andrew Fire, Siqun Xu, Mary K. Montgomery, Steven A. Kostas, Samuel E. Driver und Craig C. Mello: Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. In: Nature. Band 391, 1998, S. 806-811, PMID 9486653 PDF

Nucleic acid structure and intracellular immunity: some recent ideas from the world of RNAi. In: Q Rev Biophys. 2006, S. 1-7.

A. Fire, R. Alcazar und F. Tan: Unusual DNA structures associated with germline genetic activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2006.

D. Blanchard, H. Hutter, J. Fleenor und A. Fire: A differential cytolocalization assay for analysis of macromolecular assemblies in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. In: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006.

F. Moreno-Herrero, R. Seidel, S. M. Johnson, A. Fire und N. H. Dekker: Structural analysis of hyperperiodic DNA from Caenorhabditis elegans. in: Nucleic Acids Res. Band 34, Nr. 10, 2006, S. 3057-3066.

M. L. Foehr, A. S. Lindy, R. C. Fairbank, N. M. Amin, M. Xu, J. Yanowitz, A. Z. Fire und J. Liu: An antagonistic role for the C. elegans Schnurri homolog SMA-9 in modulating TGFbeta signaling during mesodermal patterning. In: Development. Band 133, Nr. 15, 2006, S. 2887-2896.

Andrew_Fire,_Stanford_University

Craig Mello

Craig Mello, an American scientist, a molecular geneticist.

Works at Harvard University and the University of Massachusetts Medical School. In 2006 received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Fire of the "discovery of RNA interference - the effect of quenching the activity of certain genes.